Footings are placed at some depth below the ground surface with minimum embedment for the following purposes (Lambe and Whitman): 1. To gain additional bearing capacity derived by the embedment. 2. To place the footing below the zone of seasonal moisture variations for protection against swelling and shrinkage cycle in case of clayey soils and against the frost action in [...]
Following are the types of shallow foundations: 1. Spread Footing 2. Combined Footing 3. Raft Foundation 4. Annular Slab or Ring Foundation. Type # 1. Spread Footing: Foundation which spreads the load from a wall or column to a greater width is known as spread foundation or footing. The spread footing provided to the walls of a load bearing structure [...]
There is no practicable laboratory procedure for the determination of compressibility characteristics of cohesionless soils because of the difficulty of sampling of these soils. Therefore, settlement of cohesionless soils may be estimated by a semi-empirical method, based on the results of SCPT, DCPT, or PLT. 1. Schmertmann's Method for Settlement of Cohesionless Soils: Schmertmann (1970) presented a method to compute [...]